Over Population Are Syndrome Of All Economical' failures & Dis-satisfactions In India! So, Bring "Population Control Bill"

Un-employment, traffic problems, food scarcity, garbage problem, health problems, water scarcity, air pollution, corruption, land price's rise, squeezing of land etc are all major of India which are directly associated to 'over population of India.'  When I was born in 1955, the population of India was 42 Crores when I am writing about the 'problem and causes' population of India has crossed more than 1350 millions (135 Crores) which has become syndrome of all unsolved problems of India.

"Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation is caused by number of factors. Reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, depletion of precious resources are few of the causes which results in overpopulation."

Presently, Population Density per Sqkm is as under :  The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 square kilometers (197,000,000 sq. mi.). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per km² (38 per sq. mi). 
India: 753

While some have a high opinion of India’s growth story since its independence, some others think the country’s performance in the six decades has been abysmal. It’s arguably true that the Five-Year Plans did target specific sectors in order to quicken the pace of development, yet the outcome hasn’t been on expected lines because population of India outnumbered the parameter of the development after independence on 15th August, 2019.
The Indian road network has become one of the largest in the world with the total road length increasing from 0.399 million km in 1951 to 4.24 million km as of July 2014. Moreover, the total length of the country’s national highways has increased from 24,000 km (1947-69) to 92,851 km (2014). while service sector grew to 23% of the population from 2.5% after 1950.

After almost seven decades of Independence, India has emerged as the 1st largest producer of electricity in Asia. The country's installed power generating capacity of 334.4 gigawatt (GW, or 1,000 megawatts) as of January 2018 is the world's fifth-largest. It has increased its electricity generation capacity from 1,362 MW in 1947 to 1,13,506 MW as of 2004.  At independence.  While villages of India has today electric connections in their villages. 
India’s literacy rate was a paltry 12.2 % but now it stands for is at 74.04%. Kerala has achieved a literacy rate of 93.91%. Bihar is the least literate state in India, In January 2019, India had over 900 universities and 40,000 colleges. While total vehicle and cars were 0.3 millions, in 2018, its number stands near 125 millions.

Nearly, 98 Crores people have mobile in their hands, there is hardly any middle class who does not have 'fridge, TV, washing machine, Mixi, Oven, 2-vehicle etc electric gadgets in his house.

Overall in India, we have 35,416 government hospitals which have 13,76,013 beds. But unfortunately merely 2℅ of the doctors serves in rural India, which comprises 68% of our population while there are 10.41 lakh Registered Doctors in India, Maximum are in Maharashtra: Also 70% of rural population, prefer private hospitals and another 63% of households in rural areas prefer private players.   

India is presently aggressively pursuing both nuclear and missile programme after 1947. That has simultaneously augmented the country’s defense strength as well. BrahMos inducted into the defense system is the world’s fastest cruise missile that has been jointly developed by India and Russia. After more than six decades of independence, India has now come closer to being an independent force to reckon with in the field of nuclear and missile technology but despite all these progress and development.
"The fruit of development was not equally distributed lacking behind .....'26% people below poverty line' besides the poverty is still at this height that 88 Crores of people have to fed under 'Food Security bill' with cheap grain and edible oil...........the wheat is given Rs.2/- kg and rice is distributed at Rs.3/- to all 88 Crores people. Despite all progress and development, India is still considered a poor and primitive country in the world with a large force of poor people because on Independence.

The population of undivided India in 1947 was approx 390 million( 39 Crores). After partition, there were 330 million      (33 Crores) people in India, 30 million ( 3 Crores) in West Pakistan, and 30 million people in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) now India has head above 1350 millions or 135 Cores so all development and progress look pigmy before a balloon of huge population......for which we cant blame Country but only those God' agents who says that the children are gift of God."

Broadly speaking our country in the world data is as under :

• The current today population of India is 1,368,778,718 as of Thursday, July 4, 2019, based on the latest United Nations estimates.
• Population Growth rate is 2.1%
• India population is equivalent to 17.74% of the total world population.
• India ranks number 2 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population.
• The population density in India is 460 per Km2 (1,192 people per mi2).
• The total land area is 2,973,190 Km2 (1,147,955 sq. miles)
• 33.6 % of the population is urban (460,249,853 people in 2019)
• The median age in India is 27.0 years

India population position in the world meter :

The current population of India is 1,368,778,718 as of Thursday, July 4, 2019, based on the latest United Nations estimates. India population is equivalent to 17.74% of the total world population. India ranks number China in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. India's largest city is Mumbai, with a population of 12.5 million, closely followed by Delhi, with a population of over 11 million. Overall, there are more than 50 urban areas in India with a population of more than one million people.

As India’s economy has progressed making way for better access to healthcare, increased information and awareness around fertility, the country has witnessed a sharp decline in total fertility rate (TFR) since the mid-1980s. Since 1984, the TFR has halved from 4.5 to 2.3 as of 2016 and 'Population Growth is now 1.17% while “Demographic projections show that India’s population growth will continue to slow rapidly over the next two decades, growing less than 1% during 2021-31 and under 0.5% during 2031-41," the Economic Survey noted on 4 July."

India's largest state is Uttar Pradesh which, with a population of 199,581,520 in 2011, is larger than most countries in the world. If it were a country in its own right, it would be the fifth largest in the world, falling just behind China, India, the United States and Indonesia. Uttar pardesh, Bihar and Rajasthan are major three states which are contributing in the numbers of population and have near more than double 'Population Growth rates than national rate of 17%

J&K, India’s only Muslim majority state, tops in population control

Jammu & Kashmir, India’s only Muslim majority state, jointly topped the list of states in population control.

Along with West Bengal and Tamil Nadu, J&K recorded a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 1.6 in 2015, which was the lowest among the 22 large states for which data is available.

The information was presented in Rajya Sabha on 28th March, 2017 by Anupriya Patel, minister of state of health and family welfare.  According to data attached to her reply, as many as 13 of the 22 states have recorded a TFR below 2.1 children per woman, which is referred to as replacement level fertility of a population. In other words, these states are headed for negative population growth.

According to World Health Organization, TFR can be defined in the following manner.

“Total fertility rate (TFR) in simple terms refers to total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her life time if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population.”

It is very strange to know that the  Census 2011 data shows that Muslims constitute approx 14.22% of  India’s population....according to the 2011 census, India is home to 172 million(17.2 Crores)  The population of Muslims India being, the world's third-largest Muslim population after those in Indonesia (210 million) and Pakistan (195 million). 

While, in the states of J&K and West Bengal, .........the Muslims's population contribute 68.31% and 27.01% of the population respectively.  One way of looking at the data is that two of the three states with lowest TFR have a Muslim population significantly higher than the national population.

In another instance which provides evidence to suggest that variation in TFR is perhaps best explained by regional factors, Patel’s reply showed that it had fallen to 2 in Odisha, a level below the replacement rate. 

In Bihar, a state which is often compared with Odisha when it comes to development measures, the TFR was a much higher 3.2 children per woman."  "Public debates in India sometimes suggest that population growth is primarily influenced by religion .........'RSS put blame on Muslims for increasing population.......which does not look true.' However, data put out by government over the last few years suggests that regional differences may well be far more important than religious differences."

'Hinduism is the most common religion in India, accounting for about 80% of the population. Islam is the second-largest religion at 13% of the population. Other major religious groups in India are Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%) and Jains (0.4%). People who claimed no religion are officially recorded under 'other' by the census. In 2011, 0.9% of Indians selected the 'No Religion' category.  While the number of Indians living in urban areas has increased over the last two decades, about 67% of people still live in rural areas. In 2011, India had a literacy rate of 74%: 82% for men and 65% for women. The literacy rate varies wildly by state. Bihar is the least literate with a rate of 63.82%.'
Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, is a state where Hindus make 87.58% of the population, which is higher than their share in India’s population.

So, on 23rd January, 2019,  I suggested to the prime minister of India Narendra Modi through 'Direct Message' through Modi's tweeter handle facility specially granted to me to send him message hassle free ,  I  suggested him in detail steps to be taken as under for control of population in India, which is indeed need of the hour and major demands of Hindus' community:-

Population of India is quite large and rapidly increasing. One percent growth rate means an addition of 1 crore people every year but actually speaking more than 2 crore persons are being adding every year in the India, so,.........question arises 'if America can't provide jobs to 400 millions of his population how India can give job to 1350 millions of people in India??'

So very effective population control measures is the need of the hour. We know that birth rate is mainly responsible for rapid population growth. Population explosion is the main obstacle to the smooth development of the Indian economy. Since this problem is getting intense day by day, it is obvious to take appropriate measures to keep it under control by lowering the birth rate.

Hence measures which can reduce the birth rate should be adopted as stated below :-

1. Rise in Per-capita Income: Demographic history of various advanced countries shows that there is an inverse relationship between per-capita income and a country’s birth rate. When per-capita income increases, people don’t desire more children in order supplement their income. In other words, with increase in per-capita income, people feel more secure and do not want to depend on their children. Dumont, a noted demographer has developed the “Social Capillarity Thesis” to explain this relationship between birthrate and per-capita income. Therefore, rapid economic development is very much essential to control the already high birth rate. However, this increase in per-capita income will have its positive impact on birth rate after a period after a period of time.

2. Urbanization and Industrialization : In the Indian society we have joint family system which encourages a high birth rate. Hence this joint family has to be replaced by nucleus family. A nucleus family is generally found in an urbanized and industrialized economy. Hence our efforts should be to industrialize and urbanize our economy to reduce the high birth rate.

3. Late Marriage : In India girls marry at an early age and a longer span of time to reduce children. Hence we have to raise the minimum age to marriage in our country in order to control the birth rate. A UN report has pointed out, there would be a significant decline of birth of seven per thousand, if the average age of marriage of females were to rise from 16 to 20 years.

4. Lowering Infant Mortality Rate : In India, only 32.92 percent of women are literate and much less are employed. The Government, therefore, should take effective steps to spread women education and create employment opportunities for them so that they can understand the evils of population growth and control it by themselves.

India-china-fertility-rate

In India, infant mortality rate is very high and stands at 72 per thousand. Poor people, in order to ensure that some children do survive, reproduce more. Therefore, widespread vaccination and proper child and maternity care should be undertaken to reduce the infant mortality rate.
"Definition of Total fertility rate: This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. 
Since 2018, India’s working-age population (people between 15 and 64 years of age) has grown larger than the dependant population — children aged 14 or below as well as people above 65 years of age. This bulge in the working-age population is going to last till 2055, or 37 years from its beginning.
The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country."

Country	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016	2017
India	3.11	3.04	2.98	2.91	2.85	2.78	2.73	2.81	2.76	2.72	2.65	2.62	2.58	2.55	2.51	2.45	2.43

'A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age is declining. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force.'
'Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years.'

5. Spread of Education : In India, 48 percent of total population are illiterate. They regard children as the gift of God and are not conscious about the evils of population growth. To move illiteracy and blind belief, spread of education is very much essential. An educated man can rightly understand the benefit of a small family norm.

6. Women education and employment : There is urgent need to empower women with education and employment.

7. Family Planning Facilities : In India, family planning facilities are available only in the urban centres and semi-urban areas. So poor people of rural areas don’t get these facilities easily. Therefore, family planning centres with trained personnel should be set up in rural areas to prove this facility at their doorstep. This can very much help in lowering the birth rate.

8. Incentives: In fact, the Govt. of India has already enacted laws in these regards but to control population as a whole concerning to all little or big family , a bill has yet to be legislated in the last session, so please place this Bill definitely in the last session of the Parliament to solve the biggest problems of our country I.e. Over population.

The Government should provide both monetary and real incentives to people for adopting family planning measures. The funds for the purpose should be properly utilised.

9. Publicity : The massage of family planning should reach the people of rural areas. For this there should be widespread publicity in the new paper, radio and T.V. people should be convinced that no birth control device is harmful and small family is a happy family.

10. Legislation : Family planning is a voluntary measure. However, Government should enact laws for directly lowering the birth rate. The Government can make laws in this field of raising the minimum age of marriage, compulsory education up to high school level, termination of pregnancy and abolition of child labour.

I think that the bill to control the population might have not been introduced in the Lok Sabha because there left last session of the parliament before holding the May, 2019 election of Lok Sabha, and hope now that the prime minister while taking cognizance of the problem of the over population in India instruct the concerned minister to prepare the bill so that it could be passed in 15th Lok Sabha after assuming office by prime minister Narindra Modi as second terms prime minister on 30th May,2019. So, Bring '"Population Control Bill"!!

Regards,
                                                                                   Rajinder Vij
                                                                                   Socio-political Economist
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